Society

I have been delighted to read articles by Tim Cannon in recent editions of News Weekly and in particular, the attention given to the words of Baroness Sarah Greenfield: “Can computer games harm children’s brains?” (November 14, 2009). It is impossible in a short article to cover fully the subject of changes in the human brain but it has been an interest of mine for a very long time.

I earnestly hope we see more of Mr. Cannon’s writings, and it is important to remember that Baroness Greenfield is a distinguished neuroscientist engaged in work on the brain at Oxford University. We are not talking about a gifted amateur but a genuine academic.

Baroness Greenfield is particularly interested in brain changes caused by computer games and she has also mentioned in articles in the British press the effects on the brain of social networking, gaming, the Internet and similar matters. By contrast, I am a social scientist who is proud to be called an empiricist, and believe me, part of a dying breed.

While Baroness Greenfield is interested in the mechanics of the brain, my interest is in the behaviour that follows - the social consequences.  I trace changes back over many years and happen to believe that technology and our use of it has induced brain changes.

Drowning in a Sea of Trivia

The first and greatest is that we are beset with data and information almost to the point of saturation; it is impossible to assimilate everything. There is good reason to believe that the brain grabs or seizes what it wants or what stands out most in a given context. Thus, we can reinforce prejudice or change our minds.

However, an attendant problem is the question of whether our brains are capable of processing all the information we receive from the media or any other source.  To the extent that I am interested in the chemistry and mechanics of the brain, we should realize that even while we are asleep, the brain still processes information and there is a clear analogy with leaving a computer turned on to conduct routine maintenance overnight.  Such is the wonder of God’s creation, the most powerful computer in the world.

The matters that concerned Tim Cannon sufficiently to write also preoccupy me at times when I read or hear of certain activities and developments.  Expanding on the ideas of Baroness Greenfield, I would argue that it’s not just computer games that can affect children’s minds, and adults are not immune.  The computer is a comparative latecomer to mind-altering technology.  

Before TV and radio, simple verbal communication in the form of rhetoric changed the brain for good or ill, and as George Orwell noted, control of the language is all-important in shaping opinion.  In many respects, speakers have the same effect as the electronic media.

As an example I cite the end of the Cold War and the triumph of the so-called neocons and their ideas, which spread around the world.  We inherited a whole new language and thanks to more perceptive writers such as Don Watson (Weasel Words and Rubbery Phrases) we are now in a position to see how managerial-economic speak seized the public narrative and dominated politics.  Our politicians acted on the accompanying nostrums to the detriment of family life and, paradoxically, independence.

Paul Kelly of the Australian newspaper wrote about "the end of certainty" in a book of the same name (1989). Although he deals with politics, the language is that of the new political-economic-managerial paradigm.  I’ll explain briefly with two examples.

Firstly, consider the oft-quoted words of Margaret Thatcher that there was no such thing as society, merely individuals making their own way.  It was unfortunately repeated around the world and our humanity was demeaned accordingly.  Then there was Jeff Kennett, sometime Premier of Victoria, who apparently refers to people as revenue-earning units or non-revenue-earning units: not people, merely economic abstractions as though there was no human input.

While these ideas have been somewhat discredited, they linger in government departments and business. Try reading government reports or advertisements for employment.

Science brought the world into our living rooms with TV and radio: even more so with the advent of satellite communication.  I don’t begrudge people entertainment but so many are diverted by TV in that form that they suspend reality and I perceive that as a problem.  I spend very little time watching TV because it has become abundantly clear that advertisements rule and news is secondary; furthermore, the notorious 30-second soundbite has now been dumbed down to  about 10 seconds.

The effect of TV on housing and social relationships is well-established: in America, houses are built without kitchens and in the UK, in three families out of five, there is no dining table.  Meals are taken in front of the TV. The ubiquitous box or should I say boxes, because most homes have more than one TV, are for the most part passive babysitters, occasionally channels of doctored information, tailored to the low IQ and at worst, the TV junkie becomes desensitized.

Watching the amount of violence on the news is supplemented by programs, which depict graphic and/or gratuitous violence, casual sex and mindless or dare I say, gormless entertainment - TV quiz shows which appeal to the female viewer because prizes can be won and money can be made. In short, TV caters for most tastes, including mine because I am something of a political and sports junkie but for the most part, my TV is turned off.

Then there is the ubiquitous computer.  It's staggering to think of how much the technology has become miniaturized and powerful in just over half a century.  If you have the luxury of an iPhone or similar G3 phone, you can hook into the Internet just about anywhere, and your laptop is more powerful than the computers on Space Shuttles.

To Each His Own Prison

I would argue that TV, especially with colour, began the desensitization process of both children and adults. “In-your-face broadcasting” changed social norms and behaviours: good manners and civility suffered as a consequence.

Although interactive TV is with us now, personal interaction with a computer is virtually a given.  From the moment kids get into school, they are introduced to computers and the Internet. They come home from school and these days, a child’s room in a fairly average home is “their” territory. Parental rights have been displaced by the rights of the child, which include strange notions of privacy.

The modern parent can be in the wrong by “trespassing” in a child’s room and trying to establish what they are watching on TV or surfing on the Internet.  Their social interaction is greatly reduced and often conducted by computer and mobile phone.  Mobile phones are practically mandatory for many schoolchildren and the more creative can cheat in examinations.  Indeed, a G3 phone in an examination room can get you to the Internet and Wikipedia or other sources of information.  It leaves cheat sheets inside the school blazer or written on the inside of the arm totally redundant.

The first interactive games for personal computers fell into two broad categories.  The first was the knock-'em-down, shoot-'em-up or otherwise obliterate electronic component - does anyone remember Pac Man?  It’s still there if you want it.  The more constructive computer programs such as Sim City offered a challenge to be constructive and solve problems; others put you in the pilot’s seat of an aircraft and gave you a flying experience.

However, walk through any TV games store anywhere in this country and you will find that the games that sell best are the ones that involve action and violence, whether on games consoles, computer, or TV.  The characters are increasingly more complex and in some cases more human than alien. The objective is to kill or be killed.

The military uses computer programs to desensitise soldiers to killing other human beings.  And while I can’t point to any research, I wouldn’t mind opining that teenage violence is more prevalent because of “gaming.”

I confess a certain weakness to some computer games but only those that rely on hand-eye coordination or other more intellectual skills.  An unknown percentage of the population ranging from 7 to 21 engages in TV or computer games and the problem doesn’t end there.  While I see some humour in the situation, I also see a possible dystopian future where people don’t really learn but rely on what they are told or assimilate through various media - checking the facts has been replaced by Wikipedia.

Recently I read an article from a US website, which was modified slightly for my local paper; while I do not have access to the full article, the summary was quite enough for me.  The director of the University’s Impulse Control Centre talks about rewiring the human brain through technology and offers a quote, which sent a chill up my spine: “The more we become used to just sound bites and tweets, [the] less patient we will be with more complex, more meaningful information.  And I think we might lose the ability to analyse things with any depth and nuance.  Like any skill, if you don’t use it, you lose it.”

Empirical evidence exists to demonstrate that young and old alike have a diminished attention span today in comparison with the past.  Even academics have confessed that they are literally driven by their computers.

Space does not permit me to develop this theme further at present, but 21st-century man is now unmenaced by predators and has to worry more about a bank balance than the more basic needs of life.  It seems to me that just as America is producing young children whose parents boast that their children have Attention Deficit Disorder and therefore require Ritalin or a similar drug to counter hyperactivity and nullify ADD, Australia will not be too far behind.

I fear that rather than becoming more intelligent as a race, humankind will have its mental capacities and faculties effectively disabled by a technology which was intended to educate and learn.  More disturbingly, as the young hook into virtual worlds where they can be someone else, they can be targeted by paedophiles or as in the case of mobile phones, threatened, harassed and driven to become even more alienated.  I often wonder whether the society of the future will be a netherworld of half-reality accompanied by dysfunctional behaviour prompted by technology.

Notes

http://au.gamespot.com/games.html?page_type=games&platform=5&type=top_rated This was a random sample from the Internet, verified to some extent by browsing a local games shop.

When does an addiction to Internet become a problem? http://www.scrippsnews.com/content/when-does-addiction-internet-become-problem